References

Primary References

The algorithms implemented in this package are based on:

Complex Exponential Algorithm (CEA):

Fahey, S. O’F., & Pratt, J. (1998). Time domain modal estimation techniques. Experimental Techniques, 22(6), 45-49.

Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA):

Juang, J.-N., & Pappa, R. S. (1985). An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identification and model reduction. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 8(5), 620-627.

BibTeX Entries

@article{fahey1998time,
  title={Time domain modal estimation techniques},
  author={Fahey, S O'F and Pratt, J},
  journal={Experimental techniques},
  volume={22},
  number={6},
  pages={45--49},
  year={1998},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{juang1985eigensystem,
  title={An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identification and model reduction},
  author={Juang, Jer-Nan and Pappa, Richard S},
  journal={Journal of guidance, control, and dynamics},
  volume={8},
  number={5},
  pages={620--627},
  year={1985}
}

Additional Reading

Time Domain Methods

  • Ibrahim, S. R., & Mikulcik, E. C. (1977). A method for the direct identification of vibration parameters from the free response. The shock and vibration bulletin, 47(4), 183-198.

Frequency Domain Methods

  • Vold, H., Kundrat, J., Rocklin, G. T., & Russell, R. (1982). A multi-input modal estimation algorithm for mini-computers. SAE Transactions, 815-821.

Operational Modal Analysis

  • Brincker, R., Zhang, L., & Andersen, P. (2001). Modal identification of output-only systems using frequency domain decomposition. Smart materials and structures, 10(3), 441.

Online Resources

Citing This Software

If you use this package in your research, please cite both the software and the original papers:

Software:

Dale, A. S. (2026). Time Domain Modal Estimation (Version 0.1.0) [Software]. Available from https://github.com/daleas0120/time_domain_modal_estimation

Algorithms:

For Complex Exponential Algorithm (CEA):

Fahey, S. O’F., & Pratt, J. (1998). Time domain modal estimation techniques. Experimental Techniques, 22(6), 45-49.

For Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA):

Juang, J.-N., & Pappa, R. S. (1985). An eigensystem realization algorithm for modal parameter identification and model reduction. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 8(5), 620-627.